各国智能系统开发的创新战略

在技术系统研发领域，基于人工智能的智能系统的开发是各国新的竞争优势和增长动力。作者提出了各国在智能系统开发领域的创新活动指标：一个国家的专利数量占所有国家专利数量的比率；国内智能系统领域的国家战略数量；各国开发的智能系统的实施地域。引入 «国家智能技术领域专业化指数 «这一术语。专业化指数是指国家在智能技术领域的专利类型实际数量与10种潜在专利类型实际数量的比率。其中包括先进制造技术、机器人技术、先进材料、人工智能、大数据、物联网、移动性、光子学、安全、数字孪生等方面的专利。根据世界知识产权组织和欧盟委员会2023年的数据，采用聚类方法，对 43 个国家智能系统开发领域的创新活动水平进行了分组。这使得为各国在智能系统开发领域的 11 项创新活动战略进行分类成为了可能（基于评分）。拟议的战略分类有助于进行基准化分析，以研究国家经验，评估智能系统开发领域项目的投资风险。

1. Reynolds E. Innovation and production: Advanced manufacturing technologies, trends and implications for us cities and regions. Built Environment. 2017;43(1):25–43. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.63.3.25

2. Jaspert D., Ebel M., Eckhardt A., Poeppelbuss J. Smart retrofitting in manufacturing: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021;312(2):127555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127555

3. Haricha K., Khiat A., Bahnasse A., Issaoui Y., Hassan O. Towards smart manufacturing: Implementation and benefits. Journal of Ubiquitous Systems and Pervasive Networks. 2021;15(02):25–31.

4. Zenisek J., Wild N., Wolfartsberger J. Investigating the potential of smart manufacturing technologies. Procedia Computer Science. 2021;180:507–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.269

5. Ponomareva L., Usacheva I., Volkova A. “Smart manufacturing” in the context of digitalization of business and society. In: Popkova, E.G., Sergi, B.S. (eds.). ISC 2020: “Smart Technologies” for society, state and economy. Lecture notes in networks and systems. Vol. 155. Springer, Cham.; 2021. P. 777–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59126-7_86

6. Maresova P., Soukal I., Svobodova L., Selamat A., Krejcar O. Consequences of Industry 4.0 in business and economics. Economies. 2018;6(3):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies6030046

7. Dreyer S., Egger A., Püschel L., Röglinger M. Prioritising smart factory investments – A project portfolio selection approach. International Journal of Production Research. 2020;60(3):999–1015. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1849845

8. Herrmann F. The smart factory and its risks. Systems. 2018;6(4):38. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems6040038

9. Appio F., Frattini F., Petruzzelli A., Neirotti P. Digital transformation and innovation management: A synthesis of existing research and an agenda for future studies. Journal of Product Innovation Management. 2021;38(1):4–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12562

10. Habanik J., Grencikova A., Krajco K. The impact of new technology on sustainable development. Engineering Economics. 2019;30(1):41–49. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.30.1.20776

11. Yang S., Raghavendra M., Kaminski J., Pepin H. Opportunities for Industry 4.0 to support remanufacturing. Applied Sciences (Switzerland). 2018;8(7):1177. https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071177

12. Parhi Sh., Joshi K., Akarte M. Smart manufacturing: a framework for managing performance. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2020;34(1):1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192X.2020.1858506

13. Kusiak A. Smart manufacturing. International Journal of Production Research. 2018;56(1-2):508–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1351644

14. O’Brien Ch. Industry 4 and the future of smart manufacturing. Applied Science and Engineering Progress. 2021;14(1):1–2. https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2020.09.002

15. Wang B., Tao F., Fang X., Liu Ch., Liu Y., Freiheit Th. smart manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing: A comparative review. Engineering. 2021;7(6):738–757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.017

16. Tao F., Zhang H., Liu A., Nee A. Digital twin in industry: State-of-the-art. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. 2019;15(4):2405–2415. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2018.2873186

17. Грязнов С.А. Цифровые двойники в промышленности. В: Сб. науч. ст. XI Междунар. науч. конф. «Инновационные технологии, экономика и менеджмент в промышленности». Волгоград; 2021. С. 88–89.

18. Zeba G., Dabic M., Cicak M., Daim T., Yalcin H. Technology mining: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2021;171:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120971

19. Wang J., Hsu Ch. A topic-based patent analytics approach for exploring technological trends in smart manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. 2020;32(1):110–135. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMTM-03-2020-0106

20. Wang K.-J., Lee T.-L., Hsu Y. Revolution on digital twin technology – a patent research approach. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2020;107(3):4687–4704. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05314-w

21. Lee K.-S., You Y. A study for Korea manufacturing innovation through smart factory. Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. 2018;9(8):848–853. https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00839.2