Influence of international climate regulation on economic development strategies of Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China

This article is devoted to impact of international climate agreements, particularly the Paris Agreement, on the economic development strategies of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. By analyzing how these countries have adjusted their economic strategies in response to global climate mandates, the study reveals distinct approaches: Russia’s gradual integration of climate initiatives into its traditional energy-focused economic framework, and China’s active transition towards renewable energy and sustainable practices on both internal market and globally. The research highlights the complexities of balancing national strategy of economic growth with environmental sustainability requirements and the frameworks of international climate agreements, which sometimes have inconsistent interpretations. The article evaluates the strategic adjustments and policy shifts undertaken by Russia and China, which are critical in shaping national responses to climate change challenges, as well as necessary leadership role of these countries in modifying international climate agenda, enhancing partnership, especially with developing countries and Global South, as well as BRICS, Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), UN Climate Change Conference (UNFCCC), other multilateral fora, One Belt One Road Initiative (for China). Also important to promote economic incentives for green investments, which might include some financial stimulus, for example subsidies, blended finance, tax break to encourage investments in renewable projects and energy-efficient upgrades, as well transitional financing, which requires modernization of existing international financial monetary system, based on Russian proposals in BRICS in 2024. At both supply and demand side it is important to promote reasonable consumption via sharing, longer usage period and re-cycling economic approaches.

1. Kvint V.L. The global emerging market: Strategic management and economics. New York: London: Routledge; 2009. 522 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203882917

2. Kvint V.L., Bodrunov S.D. Strategizing societal transformation. Knowledge, technologies, and noonomy. USA (Palm Bay): Canada (Burlington): United Kingdom (Abingdon): Apple Academic Press; 2023. 228 p. https://doi.org/10.37930/978-5-00020-086-5

3. Astapov K.L. Innovative strategizing for sustainable development: Russian patterns. Strategizing: Theory and Practice. 2023;3(4):403–415. (In Russ.). https:// doi.org/10.21603/2782-2435-2023-3-4-403-415

4. Dechezleprêtre A., Fabre A., Kruse T., Planterose B., Chico A.S., Stantcheva S. Fighting climate change: International attitudes toward climate policies. National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, July 2022. Working Paper 30265.

5. Астапов К.Л. Постиндустриальные вызовы российской экономике. М.: ТЕИС; 2009. 270 с.

6. Porter M. The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review. 2008;86(1):78–93.

7. Schumpeter J.A. The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Harvard University Press; 2011. 244 p.

8. Nelson R.R., Winter S.G. An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, Massachusetts: London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 1982. 452 p.

9. Prahalad C.K., Hamel G. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Bisuness Review; 1990. 14 p.

10. Castels M. The information age: Economy, society and culture. 625 p.

11. Kenichi O. The mind of the strategist: The art of Japanese business. McGraw Hill; 1982. 283 p.

12. Toffler A. Future Shocks. USA: Random House; 1970. 198 p. (Тоффлер Э. Шок будущего. Пер. с англ. М.: АСТ; 2023. 557 с.)

13. Grant R.M. Contemporary strat1. Kvint V.L. The global emerging market: Strategic management and economics. New York: London: Routledge; 2009. 522 p. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203882917

14. Kvint V.L., Bodrunov S.D. Strategizing societal transformation. Knowledge, technologies, and noonomy. USA (Palm Bay): Canada (Burlington): United Kingdom (Abingdon): Apple Academic Press; 2023. 228 p. https://doi.org/10.37930/978-5-00020-086-5

15. Astapov K.L. Innovative strategizing for sustainable development: Russian patterns. Strategizing: Theory and Practice. 2023;3(4):403–415. (In Russ.). https:// doi.org/10.21603/2782-2435-2023-3-4-403-415

16. Dechezleprêtre A., Fabre A., Kruse T., Planterose B., Chico A.S., Stantcheva S. Fighting climate change: International attitudes toward climate policies. National Bureau of Economic Research. Cambridge, July 2022. Working Paper 30265.

17. Астапов К.Л. Постиндустриальные вызовы российской экономике. М.: ТЕИС; 2009. 270 с.

18. Porter M. The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review. 2008;86(1):78–93.

19. Schumpeter J.A. The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Harvard University Press; 2011. 244 p.

20. Nelson R.R., Winter S.G. An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, Massachusetts: London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press; 1982. 452 p.

21. Prahalad C.K., Hamel G. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Bisuness Review; 1990. 14 p.

22. Castels M. The information age: Economy, society and culture. 625 p.

23. Kenichi O. The mind of the strategist: The art of Japanese business. McGraw Hill; 1982. 283 p.

24. Toffler A. Future Shocks. USA: Random House; 1970. 198 p. (Тоффлер Э. Шок будущего. Пер. с англ. М.: АСТ; 2023. 557 с.)

25. Grant R.M. Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2016. 776 p.

26. Kaplan R.S., Norton D.P. Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Business Review. 1996;74(1):75–85.

27. Акаев А.А., Садовничий В.А. Математические модели для прогнозирования большого цифрового цикла развития мировой экономики (2020–2050 гг.). М.: ИД МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (типография); 2023. 680 с.

28. Астапов К.Л. О влиянии международного климатического регулирования на национальные стратегии в России. В сб.: VII Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. «Теория и практика стратегирования». Москва, 21–22 февраля 2024. М.: ИД МГУ им. М.В. Ло- моносова (типография); 2024. С. 72–76.

29. Концептуальное будущее Кузбасса: стратегические контуры приоритетов развития до 2071 г. 50-летняя перспектива. Под науч. ред. В.Л. Квинта. Кемерово: КемГУ; 2022. 283 с.

30. Основы стратегии экологического развития России. Под науч. ред. В.Л. Квинта, В.А. Фетисова. М.: ИД МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (типография); 2021. 77 с. https://doi.org/10.29003/m2447.978-5-19-011631-1

31. Jia Q. The impact of green finance on the level of decarbonization of the economies: An analysis of the United States’, China’s, and Russia’s current agenda. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2022;32(1):110–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3120

32. Porfir’ev B.N. Low-carbon development paradigm and strategy for reducing the risks of climate change for the economy. Problemy prognozirovaniya = Problems of Forecasting. 2019;(2):3–14. (In Russ.)

33. Liu Z., Li X. The economic impact of air pollution in China: National and regional perspectives. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. 2018;20(3):539–558.

34. Jiang Q., Ma X., Wang Y. How does the One Belt One Road initiative affect the green economic growth. Energy Economics. 2021;101:105429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105429

35. Chen Y., Wang Z., Zhong Z. CO2 emissions, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy production and foreign trade in China. Renewable Energy. 2019;131:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.047

36. Mahadevan R., Sun Y. Effects of foreign direct investment on carbon emissions: Evidence from China and its belt and road countries. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020;276:111321. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111321egy analysis: Text and cases edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons; 2016. 776 p.

37. Kaplan R.S., Norton D.P. Using the balanced scorecard as a strategic management system. Harvard Business Review. 1996;74(1):75–85.

38. Акаев А.А., Садовничий В.А. Математические модели для прогнозирования большого цифрового цикла развития мировой экономики (2020–2050 гг.). М.: ИД МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (типография); 2023. 680 с.

39. Астапов К.Л. О влиянии международного климатического регулирования на национальные стратегии в России. В сб.: VII Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. «Теория и практика стратегирования». Москва, 21–22 февраля 2024. М.: ИД МГУ им. М.В. Ло- моносова (типография); 2024. С. 72–76.

40. Концептуальное будущее Кузбасса: стратегические контуры приоритетов развития до 2071 г. 50-летняя перспектива. Под науч. ред. В.Л. Квинта. Кемерово: КемГУ; 2022. 283 с.

41. Основы стратегии экологического развития России. Под науч. ред. В.Л. Квинта, В.А. Фетисова. М.: ИД МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова (типография); 2021. 77 с. https://doi.org/10.29003/m2447.978-5-19-011631-1

42. Jia Q. The impact of green finance on the level of decarbonization of the economies: An analysis of the United States’, China’s, and Russia’s current agenda. Business Strategy and the Environment. 2022;32(1):110–119. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3120

43. Porfir’ev B.N. Low-carbon development paradigm and strategy for reducing the risks of climate change for the economy. Problemy prognozirovaniya = Problems of Forecasting. 2019;(2):3–14. (In Russ.)

44. Liu Z., Li X. The economic impact of air pollution in China: National and regional perspectives. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. 2018;20(3):539–558.

45. Jiang Q., Ma X., Wang Y. How does the One Belt One Road initiative affect the green economic growth. Energy Economics. 2021;101:105429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105429

46. Chen Y., Wang Z., Zhong Z. CO2 emissions, economic growth, renewable and non-renewable energy production and foreign trade in China. Renewable Energy. 2019;131:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.07.047

47. Mahadevan R., Sun Y. Effects of foreign direct investment on carbon emissions: Evidence from China and its belt and road countries. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020;276:111321. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111321