类自然技术在工业系统可持续发展中的作用

在制裁背景下，现代俄罗斯宏观经济体系侧重于技术发展、数字化、可持续发展以及生产 和经济系统的生态化。经济系统运行的关键问题是资源制约，它会导致瓶颈和排队现象的出现。 进而影响整个系统的效率和竞争力。类自然技术的开发及其在工业中的应用被视为实现可持续发 展目标的关键条件。本研究旨在界定类自然技术的理论基础，并探索其在实现工业可持续发展中 的应用潜力。本文分析了类自然技术发展概念的科学渊源，并对“类自然技术”、“自然启发式 算法”和“自然启发式系统”等类别进行了定义。文章总结了类自然技术在解决环境问题、实现 资源独立、提高经济效率和技术发展方面的原则。通过类比自然生态系统，探讨了将传统生产系 统向中观系统转型的可能性。研究证明，正是这种以闭环经济为基础的方法，能够超越单一“绿 色”技术的应用，实现协同效应。为了系统化分析，提出了类自然技术的分类，并确定了其在工 业领域的主要应用方向。文章得出以下结论：类自然技术的应用在可持续发展的三个领域产生了 可衡量的显著影响：1）经济领域——降低成本，创造新价值；2）生态领域——减少排放，优 化资源利用； 3）社会领域——创造安全的工作条件和有利于人类生命健康的良好环境。实施类 自然技术的经济效益是其规模化推广的关键驱动因素之一。在制定管理决策时必须考虑到，推广 类自然技术是一项战略投资，旨在确保中观系统的竞争力及其资源独立性。在国家最高领导层层 面，有必要制定和实施激励措施，支持在系统层面实施类自然技术原则的项目。

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