A basis of effective functioning of economy is the innovative development connected with the need to carry out research works in the priority areas. The Russian market of oil and oil products considerably influences development rates of economy and is the catalyst of innovative activity. Experience of foreign countries testifies that in oil branch the commitment to innovations is the general tendency of development. The article presents fundamental reasons of modern risks for branch including: globalization consequences, complication of the competitive environment, transition to the market of services, changes in pricing and introduction of sectoral economic sanctions. The performed comparative analysis of the largest transnational corporations of the world on the basis of «Fortune Global 500» rating confirmed the high efficiency of the branch in modern economic development. However decline in oil and gas companies profits in 2014 dictates substantial increase of investment activity in the field of research and development. The study of the Russian market of oil and oil products was carried out on various indicators: production, transportation, processing and realization of oil and processing products. The author concludes that in the conditions of negative state of world oil market, the innovative reorganization of an oil and gas complex has to be transformed into the knowledge-intensive innovative production ensuring economic, energy, ecological security and creating the socially oriented competitive sector of economy on the basis of new technological processes implementation.

Pipe industry is one of the most perspective sectors of Russian industry: steel pipes are products with high added value and are widely used both in constructing industry and in construction of oil and gas pipelines. However in the period of financial instability it is necessary to ensure the effective demand from industries – consumers of pipe products. The paper, firstly, presents a brief overview of the production and consumption of pipe products in Russia in 2013–2014., as well as current trends in the pipe industry. Secondly, it describes the position of Russian enterprises producing pipe rolling in the world and the Customs Union markets , in terms of their competitiveness. The analysis of the market and its main competitors allows to conclude that Russia has the necessary potential for the development of the industry and strengthening its position stronger in the market . The article also mentions the existing and potential large-scale oil and gas projects which have a direct impact on the industry in the country and provides additional opportunities for exports. There are formulated the internal and external negative factors and problems and their solutions, which have already been implemented or still need to be taken. Analysis is based on statistics published by the non-profit organization «Pipe Industry Development Fund» and on figures presented in the Development Strategy of Russia’s steel industry for 2014 – 2020 and up to 2030, approved by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation dated May 5, 2014 No. 839. The study showed a certain effectiveness of Russian companies producing steel tubes, but at the same time it highlightes the need to improve the strategy of the Russian Federation in the pipe industry and stresses the necessity to implement specific measures aimed at improving its competitiveness. The study provide specific statistical data and presents a complete picture of the current state of the Russian pipe industry and the possibilities of its development.

In modern conditions, the enterprise exhibits an increasing interest in the instruments helping to rationalize the work. The rationalization presents the base to regulate the labor process and its remuneration and the instrument to manage labor expenses. It can be used as a factor to increase the employees motivation and as a tool to manage labor costs. Application of an effective system of labor rationing ensures a more efficient use of labor and of all other production factors as well. However, in the absence of a clear understanding of the role of the processes of labor normalization in the functioning of enterprises, it often becomes difficult to adapt the regulation system to production trends. The main feature of the labor evaluation at this stage is the growing share of research and development activities, the difficulty to develop standards because it is impossible to establish the exact terms of new products manufacturing and because of creative nature of scientific work with its inherent uncertainty effect. The article describes the role of labor rationing in enterprise’s activity under modern conditions, discusses advantages and disadvantages of modern approaches to the management. It emphasized the necessity to regard the labor assessment as a tool to regulate the production process at a plant. The approach to consider the labor rationing as a separate business process allows to manage it, to design, regulate, optimize, plan, and monitor the performance. This approach facilitates the development of relevant standards in accordance with modern features, the impact of external and internal production factors , as well as to the develop and to improve the labor regulation system.

Since the Russian Federation has chosen a strategy towards orientation on import substitution, the topic of searching for alternative ways of industrial enterprise development becomes the primary interest. One of the approaches is cooperative interactions in the form of business associations. Preferences in regard to making a decision towards these collective actions present a scientific interest and are studied in this article on the example of Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) and Russian union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE). This article summarizes positive and negative impacts of business associations on industry development. A description of historical evolution of institutional cooperative interactions in the post-soviet period is supplemented with analysis of the degree of planning economy and soviet regime influence on characteristics of multisectoral business associations. The role of cooperative interactions in the form of business associations for filling the institutional void after the change of political regime is highlighted.

The reasons for formation of cooperative interactions in the form of business associations are presented. Business directions, goals, and opportunities for enterprises are delineated , for which business associations can present a driving force to achieve the targets. Preconditions for preference formation among economic agents towards particular institutions are defined. An analysis of positive and negative outcomes of business associations impact on industry development is conducted contributing to the theory of Russian industrial enterprises strategical management.

The article analyses differences between various economic agents on the example of Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCI) and the Russian union of industrialists and entrepreneurs (RUIE). Regional CCI offices are preferred to RUIE ones when it comes to decide on participation in a multisectoral business association.

One of the problems of innovative economy development is lack of mechanisms allowing to manage an innovative process. It relates in the first place to management of industrial production presenting the core of the economy. Having both scientific and innovative potential, Russia currently demonstrates a limited number of the innovative enterprises because the introduction of innovations was not widely adopted, partly due to the lack of mechanisms of their introduction and management. It is necessary to develop stepby-step actions which allow either to introduce own approaches or to apply third-party objects of intellectual property, thus organizing the process of innovation introduction . The article is dedicated to the innovation process management as one of the main fields of innovation management. The authors justify the necessity to develop innovation process models and present a system to manage innovations They analyzed generations of innovation process models and represent the synthesis of all of them . They underline advantages of each generation, which the new model must correspond to. According to the analysis, the authors developed the complex of models such as an enlarged model, the context model and the combination of management, core and innovation implementation support models.

Ensuring sustainable development of the industrial complex is one of the most important scientific and practical problems. The basis for the sustainable development of the enterprise is the effective use and development of the balanced resources potential. In modern conditions the acceleration of innovation processes, the development of specialization and cooperation of enterprises, reinforcement of global economic relations change the value of individual resources. Intangible assets, such as knowledge, information and relations with business partners, become a leading factor in the development of the industrial enterprise. Establishing and maintaining a network within the business enterprise partnerships provide additional assets of resource support for sustainable development. Companies pay in the process of forming relationships with partners a particular attention to the establishment of close cooperation with consumers. The involvement of consumers in the value creation process makes it possible to completely consider their needs, to reduce the risks of unsuccessful offer, to open the possibility of their involvement and to use their resources for the enterprise activity , which is essential for its sustainable development. The article presents the main directions of development of business networks, shows typical examples of networks in different countries and areas.

Technological development is a key factor in determining the long-term level of socio-economic development of the Arctic. To raise the level it is necessary to carry out the technological transformation of the economy that is to introduce innovations changing the technology. The article considers the basic concepts and approaches to the study of the process of mineral resources oriented technological transformation of the Arctic. Special attention is paid to the theory of long waves, the concept of technological way and concept of multilevel economy development. Defined are distinctive features of the technological development of economy of mineral resources oriented territories of the Arctic. It is demonstrated that in shaping the technology policy the natural-climatic and socio-economic characteristics of the regions of the North and the Arctic, as well as the existing type and technological structure of the economy and settlement structure must be considered. It is shown that for the successful development of the Arctic mineral resources oriented territories it is crucial to technologically transform the economy. It requires a transition to a new technological way of infrastructure construction and habitation of territories, as required by current economic conditions. It is determined that the Arctic resource projects have to be established considering to meet the requirements of sustainable development, environmental and the traditional territories of indigenous peoples protection.

The applied science plays an important role in the innovative development of the Russian economy. The applied research ensures the implementation of new and improved technology and manufacture of new products. Under conditions of commercialization and the need for more diverse application of scientific research results it becomes increasingly important to manufacture high technology-based industrial products featuring particularly high service performance. Principal features discriminating high-technology industrial products against innovative ones are identified. There are three main components featuring the applied scientific organizations potential: new technologies and new products parameters created as a result of a major scientific research; high scientific and operational skill, and the unique experimental equipment. A conceptual model of the formation and economic assessment of scientific knowledge potential as an important economic resource in the production of high technology industrial products is elaborated. It is proved that in evaluation of scientific knowledge potential the complex of three complementary methods should be used: the royalty, it means how the consumer assess the contribution of scientific research to the integral economic effect of high-tech products use; comparison of profit and cost based on the evaluation of scientific research not below the level of integrated efficiency, and, finally, the lower limit – the contract price, including the R & D cost with the minimum 5% profit. For a complete evaluation of the high technology industrial products cost the proposed structure includes knowledge potential amortization as an intangible asset and depreciation of research equipment, used not only for its intended purpose – research, but also for the production of hightech products.

For a long time the development strategy of domestic steel industry envisaged increased sales in the country and reduced dependence on export . However, the crisis of 2014-2015 changed the economic behavior of industry players, resuming growth in steel exports. In a parallel, the situation on the domestic market was destabilized because consumers were unable to purchase materials and components for export parity prices. A similar situation has developed in a number of other industries, in particular, the pulp and paper products and chemical fertilizers. Problems can be solved through balanced use of both market and administrative regulation. A role in this process can play modern institutes of coordination between companies , such as the collective communities (clubs) created by consumers or sellers. The changes in the economy transformation significantly influenced also the previously generated communities. In particular, the role of horizontal clubs in promoting the interests of its members, especially in the process of interaction with public authorities ,has increased. On the other side, the capacity to influence the behavior of companies of vertical clubs has reduced, especially in industries associated with the consumption of products supplied to the foreign markets. It turns out that benefits from increased revenue are more attractive to sellers than maintaining positive reputation effect. As a result of the efficiency of the vertical clubs around individual enterprises depends largely on the activity of horizontal associations.

The number of currently used methods for qualitative evaluation of corporate reputation, is rather small, the relative methods for branch enterprise evaluation are actually absent. Accordingly , the present paper presents two developed methods for qualitative evaluation of corporate reputation using several Russian steel companies as an example: adapted “maturity model” and the model based on Harrington’s desirability function. The mechanisms of evaluation of corporate reputation based on developed methods are described in details. The practical evaluation of the applicability of each method on examples of Russian metallurgical companies with subsequent analysis of a possibility for the corporate reputation management is considered. Adapted “maturity model” seeks to assess the maturity of key business processes of the company affecting the value of corporate reputation and the subsequent competitive evaluation of business processes and competitive pairs analysis. The Harrington’s desirability function allows us to move from quantitative to qualitative indexes avoiding the element of expert’s opinion. Adapted «maturity model» shows positive and negative features of estimated business processes relating to individual competitive pairs and to the market in general. In the framework of implementation of methods for the assessment of corporate reputation, we managed to step off from the expert’s opinion and negative influence of human factor using the Harrington’s desirability function. The presented method is based on indicators of financial and economic condition of the company and illustrates the real situation in the company in a brief, concise and informative manner.

The article discusses a procedure of expert evaluation via pairwise comparisons as an approach to assess the impact of innovative technologies implementation on the competitiveness of aerospace industry products, This method consists of a pairwise comparison of innovative technologies according to the degree of their impact on the competitiveness of high-tech enterprises. As a result these innovative technologies are awarded with grades combined in a matrix. The matrix accumulated priorities vectors is evaluated by experts and results in group priorities matrix. An important step in the processing of the answers of expert estimates is the check of experts’ opinions coordination. The pairwise comparisons method makes it possible to control the subjectivity of experts’ judgments and to determine the coordination of their responses. In most cases, assessment of the coordination of the responses can be evaluated using the coefficient of coordination, the calculation formula being presented in the article. The article presents an example of pairwise comparison and obtaining the priorities vector. The author’s approach of the assessment of the impact of innovative technologies implementation on the competitiveness of high-tech industries can be used to form simulation platforms to support the management decisions when planning the innovative development of high-tech industries in Russia.

The article presents the solution how to measure the working capital and financing sources, and how to choose the rational method of their management. Basing of information concerning results of the metallurgical branch activity criteria for evaluating the strategy how to manage working capital have been selected. Methods for evaluating the strategy process have been developed basing on data on the magnitude of the relative amounts of working capital and short-term funding sources. Diagnosis of current assets and sources of their formation is carried out in two stages. The first stage sets the type of model used to manage current assets and sources of their coverage. In the second phase, the optimization of integrated management strategies for working capital is performed. The paper shows the distribution used in factories and mills industry strategies by frequency of use. In the background of diagrams information is provided on the most effective options of integrated strategies, including strategies under financial crisis situation. The diagnosis of the financial and economic condition of the company is performed by means of an integral index, based on the added value which considers the interests of the owners of the enterprise , of its workers, and of the state. The integral indicator is determined by the size and structure of current assets and current liabilities. We propose an algorithm predicting emerging and actual crisis situations for the company through the short term downward trend of the integral index, as well as by increase of the oscillation of indicators (moving standard deviation and coefficient of variation). It helps to optimize the problem in order to identify the company’s potential to overcome the crisis. The paper shows that the application of the developed algorithm makes it possible to determine optimal parameters of working capital management, maximizing the value of criteria selected.

The authors indicate that the choice of the enterprise financial activity sources is influenced by various factors. When analyzing the financial stability of the company, special attention should be paid to the established ratio between own and borrowed sources of funding. The world accounting and analytical practice stipulates that the optimal ratio between equity and borrowed capital must be 50/50% or 60/40%. According to the authors, in choosing the optimal capital structure that maximizes the economic profitability, it is necessary to give preference to the specific weight of borrowed capital equal or close to 30–40% of the value of assets. The risk of losing the enterprise due to debts should be kept in mind, and this is a very important factor. The article notes that the influence of factors can weaken or intensify depending on the state of the economy. The authors emphasize that the choice of entrepreneurial activity financing sources is especially important during the time of stagnation of the economy, when the economy development , free access to financial markets are restrained. Effective management of enterprise financial sources , according to the authors, presents a continuous process of adaptation to changing market conditions, tax laws, competition forces. The decision to choose the source of funding should be a part of a sound financing strategy, which takes into account the market position of the enterprise, future investment opportunities, expected cash flows, dividend policy, funding needs and other factors. The company plans to attract funding sources should be combined with a predictive risk of assessments, the enterprise’s profit and balance sheet liquidity.

Dynamics of production and consumption of steel demonstrate for the last decades the stable increase for the last decades. For further development of branch it is necessary to have the corresponding mineral resources. The main problem in this field presents the exhaustion of readily available reserves of rich iron ores and necessity to enrich the poor ones. In general, there exists in the world a considerable number of new projects of iron ore production which will allow not only to compensate the diminished resources with the high iron content , but also to provide the necessary growth of its production, envisaging the expected expansion of world steel production. On the example of development of metallurgical production of Russia and Uzbekistan it is shown that introduction of innovative projects of iron ore extraction will allow not only to compensate the diminishing resources with the high content of iron, but also to provide the necessary growth of its extraction. The article describes mineral resources of ferrous metallurgy of Uzbekistan, provides examples of metallurgical industry restructuring with a notable contribution to economy development.

The article deals with methodological issues for evaluating the potential of Arctic hydrocarbon fields, which can be used to make strategic decisions on the management of oil and gas complex. A common approach to assess the effectiveness of projects to develop oil and gas fields is the analysis of material and financial flows arising from the project. These indicators serve as a basis to develop the necessary evaluation criteria for the effectiveness of all project participants. However, this approach lies in the financial analysis, not covering other areas of the analyzed gas fields, including their technical capacity, as well as to assess their impact on the socio-economic development of the placement. Inadequate attention to these areas as well as several one-sided approach to the issue, justified the need for a comprehensive assessment of potential hydrocarbon deposits in the Arctic, which is based on the level of development of the analyzed objects based on an expanded list describing characteristics. In this article the author’s series of steps calculation of technical and economic potential of offshore oil and gas fields in the Arctic, which is in contrast to the existing ones, based on the integral index, which unites financial, technical, and climatic characteristics of the service and infrastructure fields, which allows to rank fields to determine the sequence and prioritize their inception. We prove the need to consider a wide range of factors in the comparative analysis of oil and gas fields in the Arctic in order to make strategic management decisions for priority development fields.

The article considers the possibility to change the structure of industry in the raw material oriented region (Krasnoyarsk kraj). The author believes that the measures proposed will allow the region to transit to the road corresponding to the sustainable development concept. The study, the results of which are reflected in this article ,targets to outline those industry branches, the development of which will contribute to the diversification of the regional economy and to the transition from the raw material orientation to the concept of sustainable socio-economic development. The study attempts to evaluate and to propose directions of development of selected industries, as well as to identify the actions and recommendations how to influence the authorities. The studies carried out are based on an analysis of statistical information. Presented results can be applied in practical creation of regional development strategy . The possibilities of the development are evaluated . The author selects most effective methods of realizing the authorities’ impact on the implementation of development proposed The results can be applied in practical regional development strategy. One of the measures is creating industrial clusters in the region. The role of state authorities in the process of economy diversification is substantiated.

The paper discusses the conceptual basis of economic security monitoring system of professional education, which became especially relevant in connection with challenges and threats emerged recently. In addition to the monitoring system of professional education the article proposed to use a ratio, which is calculated by dividing the number of students with industrially orientated technical specialty on the volume of industrial production in the region. This ratio is shown to demonstrate ,on the one side, how the region is provided with engineering personnel expedient for industrial production , and ,on the other side, if the personnel is necessary (or vice versa, is not necessary for the region. The proposed ratio was calculated for Russian regions both for the industry in general, as well for the steel industry in particular. Many regions are in this relation in the zone of stability, while the other are in the risk zone.

23 марта 2015 года Председатель правления ЗАО «Объединенная металлургическая компания» – управляющей организации открытого акционерного общества «Выксунский металлургический завод», генеральный директор закрытого акционерного общества «ОМК-Сервис» Анатолий Михайлович Седых Указом Президента Российской Федерации награжден орденом «Дружбы».