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Russian Journal of Industrial Economics

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Vol 10, No 2 (2017)
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Development strategy

98-106 889
Abstract

The article presents the content of the product complex development in industry analyzed from the viewpoint of technological and engineering design of production systems, industry products and production organization. The integrated product development (IPD) is understood as the process of multi-dimensional adaptation interaction of all system participants (business-structure systems) in the frame of a high-technology product creation. Such an interaction presumes the early involvement of all the design participants, concordance of tasks and interests, sharing risks and rewards, balancing of the processes (business-process, technological process) when implementing mutual project targets. The complex approach allows to ensure the high level of project completion on early  stages, saving thus the execution and documentation of following projects steps efforts. In contrast to traditional projects, the IPD projects distribute the project’s risks and rewards among all team members, stimulating thus the cooperation in reaching project targets. One of advantages of IPD approach is the possibility to attend and participate in the project from the early stage. Despite the advantages mentioned, the practical implementation of IPD projects is hampered due to several reasons: 1) Organizational and technical problems. It becomes necessary to unify production systems, as well as production and technology management of integration system participants, to create an integral system of resource flows redistribution among partners, to reduce “technology conflicts” on production joints , and many other problems; 2) Legal problems. It is obvious that it is essential to create the unified working documentation, documents to ensure business and technology processes, unified standards and technical conditions; 3) Domestic producers are not ready to accept “deep integration” among participants of product creation beginning from conceptual (initial) projecting.

 

107-113 1260
Abstract

The article is devoted to the system of strategic planning and forecasting at the RF subject level and methodical support for forecasting on the principles outlined in Federal Law No. 172-FL of June 28, 2014 «On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation». According to the Federal Law, subjects of the Russian Federation develop organizational and methodological support themselves. The forecast is based on the forecast of the socio-economic development and scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation. Considering the fact that there are no methodological elaborations available both for drawing up a regional development strategy and for building regional forecasts at the moment it is necessary to prepare methodological recommendations and tools for constructing forecasts at the level of a the Russian Federation subject corresponding with the world level and allowing to hierarchically link forecast and strategic elaborations at the municipal, regional and federal levels. The article is a step in this direction. The paper describes methodological principles of preparing economic forecasts. The features of the development and content of forecasts for the short, medium and long term are analyzed. A particular attention is paid to the long-term forecast designed to justify the possible state of the socio-economic system in the future, and to determine alternative ways of its development. The peculiarities of the region as an object for medium and long-term forecasting are revealed. Economic development in the long term perspective always involves structural transformation. The level of forecast reliability will be determined by resources of the tools used. As tools which can be taken to use and simulate changes appear elaborations based on inter-industry models, with elements of dynamic optimization appear.

 

 

114-120 1372
Abstract

Main trends of the Russian M&A market nowadays are researched in this article. Authors analyze main reasons for mergers and acquisitions according to which corporations’ top-managers participate in such transactions on the Russian market. General reasons of origin and brief history of development of Russian and foreign M&A markets are also reviewed in this article. Also changes happened on the Russian M&A market in the period from 2006 to 2015 are analyzed. These years were chosen for the research according to some similarities in the condition of M&A market and this choice was explained in the current work. In the course of this work it was also analyzed the dynamics of value of the M&A market and explored the branch structure of the biggest M&A transactions in Russia. Main reasons of this changes were detected and relationship between the general level of country’s economic development and the level of M&A market development was established within this work. Such changes were descripted by short business cycles (within J. Kitchin’s theory of the cycle) and economics readiness for such changes. On the assumption of this research results it was inferred about future prospects of development of the M&A transaction system in Russia and the main reasons for changes of managers’ motivation in such transactions were determined. These reasons directly depends on government regulation and also on participants of M&A transactions.

 

 

Corporate management

121-127 864
Abstract

At present, the concept of knowledge management has entered into the practical life of many Russian organizations in various spheres of economic activity. Considering that the metallurgical industry of the Russian Federation, due to several factors, including a drop in demand for steel products in the domestic and foreign markets, economic sanctions against Russia, political and economic instability in general, experiences for several years a long-drown crisis, there arises an acute necessity to look for new methods and approaches to production management, for the improvement of resources application process, for reducing non-production costs. All these issues can be solved, apart from other measures, through the use of various knowledge management tools aimed at accumulating, preserving and transferring the exclusive professional knowledge of employees, because this knowledge is the key source ensuring under new economy conditions a long-term competitiveness of any organization. The author developed a system map of knowledge of the metallurgical enterprise based on the existing strategic management tool, which reflects the main elements of the knowledge system, and present features of their mutual transformation and the possibilities of legal ownership. The article proposes also a process-oriented knowledge map for the electric steel melting shop, designed to determine knowledge flows in the process of steel melting at a specific production site. The article presents the systematic knowledge map and process-oriented knowledge map reflecting the further development of tools already existing in the theory of knowledge management. They can be practically applied in the metallurgical industry. The application of these tools will help to mobilize the accumulated professional knowledge of people working on metallurgical enterprises in achieving their strategic goals.

 

128-132 934
Abstract

In article the efficiency of work of the enterprise on the basis of improvement of quality of production is considered. The results of the production and economic activities of JSC EVRAZ ZSMK are analyzed, and the effect of product quality changes at the research site is analyzed. In the materials of the study, the authors argue that the importance of improving the quality of products in the current economic conditions, because faced with fierce competition not only in the external, but also in the domestic market, enterprises are forced to look for new ways and approaches to improving quality, as well as new forms of work on quality. The authors presented the results of EVRAZ ZSMK activity on improving the quality of products, and the main objectives of the work on the quality of industrial enterprises are presented: customer satisfaction; compliance with clearly defined needs and purpose; obtaining economic benefits for the manufacturer; compliance with applicable standards and technical conditions, taking into account environmental requirements; maintaining a competitive price. The article identifies the factors that need to be taken into account to improve the economic efficiency from improving the quality of products. Particular attention is paid to the means of achieving high quality products in order to take the most successful position in the current economic conditions of the Russian economy. According to the results of the research, the authors have identified and substantiated the need to improve the quality of products, as it allows: to increase the volume of sales, hence, the size of profit; ensure the competitiveness of products; improve the image of the enterprise; reduce the risk of bankruptcy and ensure a stable financial position of the enterprise; expand sales markets.

 

 

133-138 854
Abstract

The article considers the problems of search for effective ways to manage a working activity that would ensure an activation of a human factor. The practical, predictive and simulation methods of personnel assessment are briefly presented. The typical reasons for frustration of professionals in their activities and the ways to preserve their interest in work are given. The two main styles of management and motivation of a staff established by an international practice, expressed in the principles of American and Japanese management, are briefly considered. A generalized model of the motivational characteristics of a work is presented. In addition, the article substantiates the conclusion, that a widespread tendency to overestimate the significance of the financial and disciplinary factors and to underestimate the importance of the human factor in motivation, which can lead to higher staff expenses, have places among the local employers. The other conclusion is that to manage a motivation of employees is necessary according to the given structure of an organization, the type of business (without «blind» copying of the best international practices) and the peculiarities of mentality of our Russian workers, who are more sensitive to the intangible forms of motivation, have less stable self-esteem, more initiative and enthusiasm at an extension of the scopes of responsibility and at giving the possibilities of participation in new projects. The article examines also the reasons for leaving of qualified personnel. Basing the results of research of effective personnel management (with the use of socio-psychological survey of employees) through understanding and appreciating motivation methods used in manufacturing plants, it proposes the effective principles of personnel motivation.

 

 

Ecology of the industry

162-171 1056
Abstract

The rise of the population’s spatial mobility presents nowadays an objective ingredient of social-economic development in the world. The migration plays its role not only as indicator of the living standard but also of the further development of regions as well. The situation in Russia is characterized by a number of regions demonstrating negative or unstable process in migration. Many of these regions belong to industry oriented ones, and they experience the lack in manpower resources. Despite the measures taken in the frame of migration and regional politics, the problem remains acute. The purpose of the investigation is reveling available trends in the filed of migration processes in RF regions an developing proposal to improve the migration politics. A statistical analysis was performed. The analysis rests on the assumption that the social-economic development of the region is linked with migration process indicator. To solve the task we used structural, dynamics, statistics etc. analysis methods. As the result of the study we could separate different regions groups and to put forward practical recommendation aimed to rise the efficiency of RF state migration politics. The necessity to uniform methodical and methodological bases, to combine separate stages of migration politics, to apply modern information and communication technologies, to identify separate territories and migrants groups, to reveal corresponding management factors and instruments, to be guided by internal reserves available and be complex territory development is substantiated. It has been noted, how important are the results to secure the development of important industrial regions of the country.

 

 

Business economics

147-152 3016
Abstract

In a highly competitive market, product quality assurance is becoming a determining factor in the competitiveness of enterprises. But the uncertainty of the environment entails a sharp increase in the probability of occurrence of various types of risks. Therefore the problem of the search of approaches to minimize the risks in quality management remains urgent. In this article, we analyzed the risks arising when the products quality has to be ensured, we provides also probabilistic approach for assessing the potential consequences after different events arising. We show that risks, associated with the enterprise’s internal processes, as well as with external have a significant impact on product quality. Control of these risks is the main goal for quality management in enterprises. In this regard, we propose own measures for improving the quality of production processes and improving the efficiency of the quality management. In this connection it is necessary to expand the methodology of the quality management system by elements of risk management as well. This will increase the effectiveness of measures to ensure product quality due to the greater flexibility of the system and the ability to respond quickly to changing conditions. The authors suggest measures to improve product quality and quality management. It was noted that the many modern enterprises introducing quality management based on ISO standards, regard this procedure as a formality. This policy is rather inefficient when we try to look for additional ways to increase the products quality.

 

 

153-161 827
Abstract

The process of the structuring of an industrial enterprise product portfolio is examined in the framework of the portfolio balancing search. In order to resolve the contradiction between the concept of «consumer» marketing and the reality of industrial enterprises, we propose to build a modified three-dimensional matrix in which to the two axes: the commodity and the market, – the third technology axis is added. For each axis the matrix is divided into 2 quadrants «new» and «old». The first quadrant carries all products, markets and technologies with which the enterprise operates, the second – all promising goods, markets and technologies. Thus, a multidimensional (in this case, three-dimensional) matrix is constructed: «Commodity – Market – Technology», taking into account the features of marketing of manufacturing enterprises marketing under innovative development conditions of modern markets The possibility is shown to construct a multiple forecast model of a product life cycle basing on the model of innovation diffusion with fuzzy estimated parameters of a static model. The resulting forecast makes it possible to determine a triangular fuzzy number of the product consumption for a certain life cycle year. Such an estimation better correspond with initial data and includes the percent estimated model of estimation uncertainty, if the consumption forecast will be not achieved.

 

 

Regional economy

172-178 1834
Abstract

The article is devoted to research of modern approaches to typologization, classification and ranking of subjects in Russian Federation. The relevance of classification, typology of regions and their ranking based on one or several indicators and criteria for solving the problems of regional differentiation according to the level of social and economic development, increasing of their investment, demographic, resource and infrastructure potential. The system of state strategic planning must take into account the specifics of the economic, social and innovative development of Russian regions. For this purpose, the article analyzes the main indicators of regional socio-economic development used for typology, classification and ranking of territories. Most often, the available statistical indicators of regional development are used: gross regional product per capita, budget expenditures per capita, investment in fixed assets, unemployment, births, deaths, per capita incomes of the population and others. It is concluded that none of the existing approaches to the typology of regions can be used in the process of developing and implementing a longterm regional strategy for socio-economic development. A typology of regions based on dynamic integral indicators of economic, social and innovative development, consisting of nine regional groups that contain three types of regional development (outrunning, regressive and catching up) and three types of levels of regional development (high, medium and low). A conclusion is made about the need for additional research in the field of regional strategic planning tools for different types and groups of subjects in Russian Federation.

 

 

179-185 855
Abstract

The market of cobalt grows and has fantastic potential. On the basis of state-of-the-art reviews, the developing tendencies in allied industries of economy and author’s estimates forecasts of development of the largest producers and consumers of cobalt in China, Asia, America, Europe, Africa, etc., including the Russian market are proved. The regression model, constructed on the basis of monthly statistics of the prices during 2012– 2016 has been developed for forecasting of the prices of cobalt for the period till 2018. At the same time the choice of expected and analytical tools was based that first, justification of decisions on development of specific industries of economy has to be based on the actual data reflecting dynamic and structural processes and not to use the ready models calculated for other countries; secondly, econometric models are focused, generally on the short-term and medium term, they allow to determine the most significant parameters of economic development and provide a quantitative assessment of the happening economic processes; thirdly, longterm forecasting with use of modeling is directed to the analysis of information and development of hypotheses concerning change of parameters of fundamental factors of branch growth. The developed scenario forecast of the change in price for cobalt till 2018 on the London Metal Exchange allows to draw a conclusion that in the conditions of preservation of priorities in the global markets the situation will positively develop for the Russian and other producers focused on export, and the market of cobalt will have the considerable potential of development and, respectively, appeal to investments.

 

Financial management

139-146 699
Abstract

Small business is one of the largest subsystems of the national economy, providing certain tax revenues to the budgets of all levels, solving economic and social challenges. The tax system’s capacity needs to be developed and effectively used. This is achieved on the management and, first of all, strategic level. Strategic approaches to the management of small business tax potential are poorly studied. At the same time they are very relevant and need to be studied. The authors present in this article the relative unformalized methodical research. For the development of the tax potential of small business suggested three basic principles which should shape the tax policy of the Russian Federation for the forthcoming medium-term period in relation to entrepreneurship in small business management forms: motivation of innovation; consolidation and strict compliance within a certain period of time a stable tax system; the establishment of a taxpayers «convenience tax». A feature of the strategic approach to the management of tax potential in small business are encouraged to recognize that in managing the development of small business, and its tax potential, the existing problems should be identified as issues of growth and development (improvement) fixation and as a global and strategic objectives – improving the quality of life of the population.

 



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ISSN 2072-1633 (Print)
ISSN 2413-662X (Online)